竹醋液的驱蚊活性和成分分析及其动物安全性评估

丁利超; 陈明; 田苏奎; 应坤朕; 蔡森康; 王小军; 陈妃

doi:10.12390/jbr2023023

竹醋液的驱蚊活性和成分分析及其动物安全性评估

doi: 10.12390/jbr2023023

缙云县林业局, 浙江丽水 321400

详细信息

作者简介:
丁利超，工程师，学士，从事森林植物保护研究。E-mail：26698929@qq.com。

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-10

Mosquito Repellent Activity and Component Analysis of Bamboo Vinegar and Its Animal Safety

Jinyun Forestry Bureau, Lishui 321400, Zhejiang, China

摘要

摘要: 【目的】蚊子传播可怕的疾病，每年造成许多人死亡，不仅增加医疗成本且降低生产力。竹炭生产副产物竹醋液(BV)由于用途有限而造成大量过剩，因此寻找BV的新型用途和扩大消费成为竹子利用产业链急需的科技需求。【方法】该研究采用了几种简单、实用和多学科的方法来确定BV的驱蚊效果，包括前臂皮肤着陆试验(FLT)、小腿皮肤着陆试验(LLT)和蔗糖饲养生物测定法(SBB)。【结果】FLT结果表明，9.0%乙酸水溶液(AAWS)和BV对白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)有较强的保护效果(94.9%)，而商业液体杀虫剂和4.5%避蚊胺对白纹伊蚊的保护效果分别为97.8%和90.8%。LLT结果表明，使用液体电热蒸汽器，BV和AAWS对白纹伊蚊具有较好的保护效果(BV和4.5% AAWS及9.0% AAWS的保护水平分别为97.6%和85.2%及97.5%)，商业杀虫剂保护水平为99.5%。SBB表明，蚊子被AAWS的气味击退。BV(6.6% AA)、4.5%AAWS、9.0%AAWS及4.5%避蚊胺处理后的落蚊数差异不显著，但BV(6.6% AA)、4.5% AAWS、9.0%AAWS、避蚊胺和蒸馏水处理后落蚊数差异显著。保护期由长到短依次为：避蚊胺(75~90 min)=BV(75~90 min)>甲酸(60~75 min)>乙酸(45~60 min)>丙酸(30~45 min)>丁酸(15~30 min)>水(0 min)。另外对供试BV进行气-质谱联用分析发现挥发性物质69种，其中酸类9.00%、酚类3.37%、酮类2.21%、酯类1.97%、糖类0.81%、胺类0.76%、醇类0.37%、其余有机物0.81%、水80.70%。安全性试验表明：BV小鼠骨髓微核率为阴性。【结论】BV可能部分取代杀虫剂、避蚊胺和精油作为个人防蚊的有效制剂。
- 竹醋液 /
- 竹炭 /
- 乙酸 /
- 气-质联用分析(GC-MS) /
- 安全性评估
Abstract: 【Objective】 Mosquitoes transmit terrible diseases that kill many people every year，increasing health care costs and reducing productivity. The by-product of bamboo charcoal production, Bamboo Vinegar (BV) has a large amount of surplus due to its limited use. Therefore，seeking new uses of BV to expand consumption has become an urgent scientific and technological demand in bamboo utilization industry chain. 【Method】 Several simple，practical and multidisciplinary methods were used to determine the repellent effectiveness of BV，including the Forearm skin Landing Test (FLT)，the lower Limb skin Landing Test (LLT) and Sucrose breeding bioassay (SBB). 【Result】 FLT results showed that 9.0% Acetic Acid Water Solvent (AAWS) and BV had strong protective effects against Aedes albopictus (94.9%)，while commercial liquid insecticide and 4.5% DEET had strong protective effects against A.albopictus (97.8%) and 90.8%，respectively. The results of LLT showed that BVS and AAWS had better protection against A. albopictus (97.6% and 85.2% to 97.5%，respectively，against 4.5%-9.0% AAWS) when using liquid electrothermal vapors. Commercial pesticide protection levels are 99.5%. SBB showed that mosquitoes were repelled by the smell of AAWS. No significant difference in the number of falling mosquitoes after BV (6.6% AA)，4.5% AAWS，9.0% AAWS and 4.5% DEET treatment，but difference in the number of mosquitoes after BV (6.6% AA)，4.5% AAWS，9.0% AAWS，DEET. The protection period in descending order was：DEET (75-90 min)=BV (75-90 min)>Formic acid (60-75 min)>AA (45-60 min)>Propionic acid (30-45 min)>Butyric acid (15-30 min)>Water (0 min). In addition，69 volatile substances were found by gas-mass spectrometry，including acids 9.00%，phenols 3.37%，ketones 2.21%，esters 1.97%，carbohydrates 0.81%，amines 0.76%，alcohols 0.37%，other organic compounds 0.81% and water 80.70%. The safety test showed that the micronucleus rate of mice bone marrow of BVwas negative. 【Conclusion】 BV may partially replace insecticides，DEET and essential oils as effective preparations for personal mosquito control.
- Bamboo vinegar /
- Bamboo charcoal /
- Acetic acid /
- Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) /
- Safety evaluation

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