Abstract: 【Objective】 In order to explore the feasibility of breeding large earthworms in sympodial bamboo forests，and analyze the countermeasures for developing earthworm industry under the forests. 【Method】 The seedlings of large earthworms (Pheretima aspergillum) and water-retaining bamboo fiber bacteria were applied in the bamboo forests of Bambusa emeiensis，and the local small earthworms (Amynthas benignus) were used as a contrast. Regional comparison and repeated experiments were adopted as the method. 【Result】 The theoretical yield of large earthworms in sympodial bamboo forests in Sichuan reached 2 686 kg·hm^-2 in 240 days，and the output value could reach 53 000 yuan·hm^-2. The development of earthworm industry in bamboo forests has four advantages：shade，fewer pests，transformation of bamboo branches and leaves into earthworm medicinal materials，and green ecology. It needs to solve the two major problems of water supply and rapid degradation of bamboo branches and leaves. This study explores a new way for economic development under bamboo forests. 【Conclusion】 The development of under-forest earthworms in sympodial bamboo forests in Sichuan has the advantages of high yield and good economic benefits. It is recommended to scientifically plan earthworm industry in the bamboo forests，organize a special talent team to carry out scientific and technological research，and conduct in-depth research on the growth and development of under-forest earthworms，changes in medicinal value，and the mechanism of action on the physical and chemical properties of bamboo forest soil，soil nutrients，microbial diversity，litter decomposition，and stand growth，so as to provide technical support for the healthy development of under-forest earthworm industry and rural revitalization in the bamboo forests.