Abstract: To study the effects of different fertilization modes on soil physico-chemical properties and bamboo shoot growth of Dendrocalamus giganteus, five fertilization treatments were performed, including organic fertilizer (A), compound fertilizer (B), bamboo cavity fertilizer (C), green fertilizer (D) and no fertilization (CK) as the control group. The results showed that the application of compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer significantly improved the soil physico-chemical properties. Compared with no fertilization, the application of organic fertilizer substantially increased the soil maximum water holding capacity and the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus. While the application of compound fertilizer significantly increased the soil minimum water holding capacity and the contents of total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus and available potassium. Furthermore, bamboo cavity fertilizer and green fertilizer significantly affected the contents of soil hydrolytic nitrogen and available phosphorus, but had little impact on other soil physico-chemical properties. Applying compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer and bamboo cavity fertilizer evidently enhanced the diameter at breast height (DBH) of D. giganteus, and the compound fertilizer had the most notable effect. Therefore, by evaluating the improvement of soil physico-chemical properties, the average DBH of new culms and the survival rate of D. giganteus, it is concluded that the application of compound fertilizer in short-term has the most positive effects on the growth of D. giganteus.