GIS-based Landscape Ecological Evaluation of Bamboo Forest Park-A Case Study of Yixing Bamboo Sea
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摘要: 建立在景观资源和生态环境承载力的约束条件下，探讨GIS技术在评估竹类森林公园生态修复与绿色发展的作用，为竹类森林公园挑选出适合的游憩空间，希望对竹类公园游憩空间景观保护和竹类资源的开发建设提出可行建议。在GIS技术支持下建立了宜兴竹海风景名胜区竹类景观生态评价的空间属性数据库，使用AHP法获得评价指标权重，通过栅格运算模块进行加权叠加分析，得出研究区景观视觉敏感度和生态敏感度的综合指数。结果表明：（1）通过Sa、St、Sd和Sc 4个分量合取和析取，得到宜兴竹海风景名胜区游憩空间竹林景观视觉敏感度综合评价，一级、二级、三级、四级敏感区的面积分别为2.92、11.63、243.34和220.14 hm2。（2）选择了高程、坡度、坡向、土地利用和水文生态因子进行AHP及加权叠加分析，对宜兴竹海风景名胜区游憩空间建设的生态敏感度综合评价，计算高敏感区、中敏感区、低敏感区的面积分别为174.33、228.38和75.85 hm2。由此得出：（1）一级视觉敏感区内要避免任何干扰或破坏景观的建设活动。二级视觉敏感区营造优美的竹林景观及人文景观，形成良好的景观生态环境。三级视觉敏感区为建设竹林康养空间、康养游步道、康养休息区域等开发活动提供依据。四级视觉敏感区构成了竹类公园优质的竹林风光资源，应好好保护。（2）一级生态高敏感区以维持竹类公园生态平衡为主。二级生态中敏感区开展以“气候性地形疗法”+“环境疗法即‘竹林环境+竹林漫步’”模式的竹林康养活动。三级生态低敏感区可考虑集中建设竹林游憩配套设施，但建筑风貌要协调周围环境。（3）以竹林利用为目的进入各类竹类风景名胜区的旅游活动，需注意生态环境容量对人为活动的约束条件，维持竹类公园竹林生态系统调节功能。Abstract: This paper aims to explore the role of GIS technology in evaluating the ecological restoration and green development of bamboo forest parks under the constraints of landscape resources and ecological environment carrying capacity, and to select suitable recreation space for bamboo forest parks. It is hoped to put forward some suggestions for the landscape protection of bamboo park recreation space and the development and construction of bamboo resources. With the support of GIS technology, the spatial attribute database of bamboo landscape ecological evaluation index in Yixing Bamboo Sea Scenic Spot was established, the weight of evaluation index was obtained by AHP method, and the weighted overlay analysis was carried out by grid operation module. Through the combination and extraction of four components of Sa, St, Sd and Sc, the comprehensive evaluation of visual sensitivity of bamboo landscape in the recreation space of Yixing Bamboo Sea was obtained. The areas of the first, second, third and fourth grade sensitive areas were 2.92 hm2, 11.63 hm2, 243.34 hm2 and 220.14 hm2, respectively. Five factors, i.e., elevation, slope, aspect, land use and hydrology, were selected for AHP and weighted overlay analysis to evaluate the ecological sensitivity of recreation space construction in Yixing Bamboo Sea. The areas of high, middle and low sensitive areas are 174.33 hm2, 228.38 hm2 and 75.85 hm2 respectively. Any construction activities that may interfere with or destroy the landscape should be avoided in the first-level visual sensitive area. In the secondary visual sensitive area, it is suitable to create beautiful bamboo forest landscape and cultural landscape, and form a good landscape ecological environment. The third-level visual sensitive area may provide a basis for the construction of bamboo forest recreation space, path, and rest area and other development activities. The fourth-level visual sensitive area forms the high-quality bamboo scenery resources in the forest park, which should be well protected. The highly sensitive area is mainly to maintain the ecological balance of bamboo parks. In the middle sensitive areas, it is suitable for carrying out rehabilitation activities in the mode of climatic topography therapy + environmental therapy, that is, walking in the bamboo forest. In the low sensitive areas, centralized construction of bamboo forest recreation facilities can be considered, but the architectural style should be coordinated with the surrounding environment. For tourist activities entering various bamboo scenic spots, attention should be paid to the constraints of eco-environmental capacity on human activities and to maintain the adjustment ability and cultural function of bamboo park ecosystem.
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