Current Articles

2024, Volume 43,  Issue 1

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Study on Leaf Structure Characteristics of Phyllostachys edulis and Its Two Variants
HU Si-si, Kong Ling-hui, XIAO Jiao, HU Tian-yi, DENG Meng, YANG Guang-yao, YU Fen
2024, 43(1): 1-10. doi: 10.12390/jbr2023072
Abstract(27) PDF(9)
Abstract:
【Objective】 In order to unveil the functional differences of leaves of Phyllostachys edulis and its two variants，Ph. edulis 'Pachyloen’ and Ph. edulis 'Bicanna’，and their relationships with the morphological characteristics of bamboo culms.【Method】 The study employed paraffin sectioning and microscopy techniques to investigate the morphological and anatomical features of leaves，thereby three-dimensional morphological structure diagram of the leaves were created and the physiological indexes were determined through anthrone colorimetry. The study also observed variations in culm shape factors among different bamboo species，followed by a detailed examination of the correlation between leaf structure and culm shape characteristics. 【Result】 The results of this study suggest that Ph. edulis has greater leaf area bulliform cell area，and vascular bundle area，along with thicker leaves，lower epidermis and mesophyll. These specific leaf structural characteristics of Ph. edulis exceed those observed in the other two bamboo species，which is more conductive to photosynthesis. The leaf structure and culm morphology of Ph. Edulis，and its variant type，Ph. edulis 'Pachyloen’，have a strong correlation. 【Conclusion】 The structural characteristics of Ph. edulis leaves are more conducive to photosynthesis and promote the accumulation of vital substances for the growth of bamboo culms. Both Ph. edulis and its variant，Ph. edulis 'Pachyloen’，can balance resource allocation by modifying the traits of leaf and culm so as to ensure consistent growth. This study establishes a foundation for further unveiling growth and development mechanism of bamboo，providing a scientific basis for generating novel bamboo germplasm.
Effects of Mixed Fermentation with Moso Bamboo Shoots on the Changes of Main Functional Substances and Nutritional Components of Pickled and Dried Mustard
LIU Ren-jie, BIAN Fang-yuan, HUANG Zhi-yuan, YI Kui-xin
2024, 43(1): 11-18. doi: 10.12390/jbr2023037
Abstract(73) PDF(18)
Abstract:
【Objective】 To investigate the effects of different fermentation methods on the main nutrients and functional content of pickled and dried mustard，and to provide a certain theoretical basis for improving the production process of pickled and dried mustard. 【Method】 Two fermentation methods，i.e. mixed fermentation of bamboo shoots and mustard and separate fermentation of mustard，were used to produce pickled and dried mustard，and then the nutrients such as proteins，soluble sugars and dietary fibers as well as minerals and functional substances of the two types of pickled and dried mustard and fresh mustard were measured and analyzed. 【Result】 The results showed that the content of mineral elements such as calcium，iron，magnesium and potassium of the mixed fermented pickled and dried mustard was significantly lower than that of the individually fermented pickled and dried mustard，in which the content of iron and magnesium was significantly lower than that of fresh mustard at the same time，and only the content of phosphorus was significantly higher than that of the individually fermented pickled and dried mustard and fresh mustard，indicating that the effect of mixed fermentation on the content of mineral elements of pickled and dried mustard was smaller than that of individually fermented. Compared with fresh mustard，there was a significant increase in dietary fiber and protein content and a small decrease in soluble sugar content in the mixed fermented pickled and dried mustard，whereas there was a significant decrease in nutrient content of soluble sugar，dietary fiber and protein in the individually fermented pickled and dried mustard. In addition，differences in fermentation methods significantly affected the changes in functional substance content，where mixed fermentation significantly enhanced the content of antioxidant functional substances such as vitamin E，β-carotene and vitamin C in pickled and dried mustard. 【Conclusion】 Overall，differences in fermentation methods significantly affected the content of mineral elements，major nutrients and functional substances of pickled and dried mustard. Comparatively，the mixed fermentation method has a better ability to increase the nutrients and antioxidant substances content of pickled and dried mustard.
Analysis of Bamboo Button Industry and Processing Technology Based on Bamboo as a Substitute for Plastic
ZHAO Xiang, YE Han-zhou, CHEN Fu-ming, CHENG Hai-tao, GAO Zhi-min, QI Chong-ke, WANG Ge
2024, 43(1): 19-27. doi: 10.12390/jbr2023043
Abstract(114) PDF(143)
Abstract:
The manufacturing processes involved in plastic button production，including the processing，molding，and post-processing of raw materials，cause certain pollution to the environment. The popularization of green environmental protection concepts and the evolution in the apparel and fashion industry have led to new demands for innovation and transformation in the button-making industry. The Chinese government，in collaboration with the International Bamboo and Rattan Organization，launched the Bamboo as a Substitute for Plastic Initiative in November 2022，aiming at reducing plastic pollution and addressing climate changes. Bamboo buttons，an archetypal product of this drive，offer advantages in terms of resources，industry，markets，and environmental protection while also serve as a tangible representation of the traditional Chinese culture，such as bamboo and clothing. This paper provided an overview of button types，market status，and the industrial advantages and economic analysis of bamboo buttons as alternatives to plastic buttons. The processing techniques，fundamental properties，and key technological challenges in bamboo button production were discussed. Moreover，the paper addressed the deficiencies in the current bamboo button industry by proposing recommendations and prospects for strengthening policy support，promoting technological transformation，innovating processing technologies，and facilitating the integration of traditional culture and exploration of consumer markets. The objective of this review is to fulfill goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality，implement the Bamboo as a Substitute for Plastic Initiative，and provide new approaches for developing a human community with a shared future as well as China’s green and modernized industries.
Study on the Effects of Different Preparation Temperatures on the Physicochemical Properties of the Hydrothermal Charcoal of Dendrocalamus farinosus
YANG Fan-qin, LI Han-han, HU Shang-lian
2024, 43(1): 28-35. doi: 10.12390/jbr2023055
Abstract(31) PDF(7)
Abstract:
【Objective】 To systematically study the changes of physical and chemical properties of bamboo-based hydrothermal charcoal at different hydrothermal temperatures. 【Method】 In this paper，bamboo-based hydrothermal charcoal was prepared from Dendrocalamus farinosus at a series of hydrothermal temperatures (453，493，513，533 and 573 K)，the physicochemical properties of hydrothermal charcoal such as element content，pore structure and surface functional groups were characterized，and the adsorption performance of uranium (U6+) was evaluated. 【Result】 The results showed that：the cultivated D. farinosus was rich in cellulose and hemicellulose，which could be preferentially converted into carbon micro-spheres at lower temperatures，this was conducive to forming the developed pore structures. The hydrothermal charcoal prepared in the low temperature zone contained both high yield and rich functional groups (453 and 493 K)，and the bamboo-based hydrothermal charcoal prepared at 493 K temperature had the largest specific surface area (55.61 m2·g-1) and the smallest average pore size (7.77 nm)，with the characteristics of high-quality adsorption structure. While the high temperature zone (513，533 and 573 K) had destroyed the high-quality adsorption structure and functional groups. The U6+ adsorption test results further confirmed that the bamboo-based hydrothermal charcoal prepared at 493 K was the best for U6+ adsorption，and the adsorption capacity reached 12.63 mg·g-1. 【Conclusion】 The U6+ adsorption efficiency of hydrothermal charcoal from D. farinosus under the condition of 493 K is higher，and it has more advantages in resource utilization and nuclear pollution control.
Anatomical Research Based on Methods of Bamboo Culm Softening
XIAO Jiao, HU Si-si, KONG Ling-hui, HU Tian-yi, ZHANG Wen-yuan, YU Fen
2024, 43(1): 36-43. doi: 10.12390/jbr2023046
Abstract(92) PDF(105)
Abstract:
【Objective】 In order to explore the effects of different softening methods on the structure and main components of bamboo timber，and select the best softening method suitable for different research purposes. 【Method】 Microsections of bamboo culm of Phyllostachys edulis 'Pachyloen’ were taken as the research object，and the paraffin section method with microscopy techniques and UV spectroscopy was used.【Result】 The results showed that the structure was complete and clear after softened by water and chemical softener except triethylene glycol and hydrofluoric acid，which led bamboo culm structure rupture. Besides，ethylenediamine was the optimal softener for the preparation of microsection of bamboo culm.【Conclusion】 10% ethylenediamine softening in a water bath at 100 ℃ was the most convenient and fastest，which was suitable for microscopic sectioning of bamboo plants with high degree of lignification for structural research purposes. For component investigation of bamboo culm，the optimal softening treatment was being softened in a 100 ℃ distilled water bath. The results of this study provides a reference basis for basic research of bamboo culm utilization.
A Study on the Courtship and Mating Behavior of Adults of Bamboo Shoot Wireworm
QIU Guo-qiang, WU Yan-fen, PENG Guan-di, PAN De-shou, SHI Jian, GAO Bai-long, CHEN Yi-jie, SHU Jin-ping
2024, 43(1): 44-49. doi: 10.12390/jbr2023054
Abstract(60) PDF(7)
Abstract:
【Objective】 Bamboo shoot wireworm，Melanotus cribricollis is an important underground pest in bamboo forests in Southern China. To study the courtship and mating behavior of the adults for the development of sex pheromone attractants and their application is of great significance. 【Method】 In the present study，the characteristics and rhythms of courtship and mating behavior of M. cribricollis adults were observed at night. 【Result】 The courtship and mating behavior of M. cribricollis adults showed obvious phase characteristics. After entering the dark phase for 90 minutes，the courtship and mating behavior began，with the peak period to be found during 21∶30 to 0∶30. The age of adults excavated from the soil had no significant impact on the courtship rhythm of adults，but the mating ratio was closely related to the age of the adults. Mating behavior was observed on the first day of excavation from the soil，and reached the peak on the third day，then ended seven days later. 【Conclusion】 The peak period of courtship and mating for M. cribricollis adults is obvious，and thus it is suitable to use pheromone induced killing or mating interference in the management of bamboo shoot wireworms.
Species and Biological Characteristics of Gall Insects on Phyllostachys violascens 'Prevernalis’ in Hangzhou City，Zhejiang Province
SUN Jiao-jiao, GENG Xian-sheng, WANG Wen-peng, LOU Ke-xun, HUA Ke-da, WANG Xiao-jie
2024, 43(1): 50-56. doi: 10.12390/jbr2023057
Abstract(52) PDF(20)
Abstract:
【Objective】 In this study，the damage of gall-induced pests in Phyllostachys violascens 'Prevernalis’ forests in Hangzhou city，Zhejiang province was investigated，and the biological characteristics of gall insects were studied，which could provide a basis for developing efficient control technology of gall-induced pests. 【Method】 In the study，sampling method was used to investigate the damage of gall-induced pests. Indoor rearing methods and bioassay methods were used to study the biological characteristics of the species composition，quantitative characteristics，and eclosion rhythms in gall insects. 【Result】 The results showed that the damage ratio of gall-induced pests in Ph. violascens 'Prevernalis’ forest exceeded 85.00%，and the average insect population exceeded 18.35 per disc of branch. In the study，four species of gall-induced pests，Tetramesa bambusae，T. phyllostrachitis，Aiolomorphus rhopaloides and Procystiphora sp. were reared from the galls of Ph. violascens 'Prevernalis’. The individual numbers of T. bambusae and T. phyllostrachitis accounted for 96.20% of the total，which were the most important gall-induced pests on Ph. violascens 'Prevernalis’. The initial egg load and egg size of T. bambusae were larger than those of T. phyllostrachitis，but the lifespan of female T. bambusae was shorter than that of T. phyllostrachitis. Seven species of parasitic wasps，Eupelmus urozonus，Homoporus japonicas，H. sinensis，Ormyrus punctiger，Sycophila flava，Norbanus longifasciatus and N. aiolomorphi，survived in the galls of Ph. violascens 'Prevernalis’. E. urozonus had the largest number of parasitic wasps. 【Conclusion】 T. bambusae and T. phyllostrachitis were the most important gall-induced pests on Ph. violascens 'Prevernalis’. Procystiphora sp. is a newly reported gall-induced pest of bamboo in Zhejiang Province. Seven parasitoid species survived in the galls of Ph. violascens 'Prevernalis’，which were important biological factors for inhibiting gall-induced pests，and these parasitic wasps should be protected and fully utilized.
Progressive Evolution of China’s Bamboo Sector：An Examination of Key Features and Determinants， A Comparative Study Focusing on Zhejiang and Sichuan Provinces
CHEN Chang-ming, ZHAO Fu-ming, ZHOU Yong-chao, YING Meng-jia, WANG Dan-ting, SHEN Yue-qin
2024, 43(1): 57-63. doi: 10.12390/jbr2023049
Abstract(102) PDF(24)
Abstract:
【Objective】 In the context of continuously increased labor costs，the bamboo industry in China takes on differentiated developmental trends，impacting its income-increasing effects，highlighting an urgent need for attention. 【Method】 This paper traces the development history of China’s bamboo industry to grasp its current status. The focus then shifts to the provincial scale，comparatively analyzing the development characteristics and influencing factors of the bamboo industry in Zhejiang and Sichuan provinces. 【Result】 Comparative analysis indicates that：(1) Regarding the factors of natural resources，due to differences in bamboo species resources，the two provinces have adopted distinct industrial orientations. Zhejiang is directed towards a comprehensive bamboo industry chain，while Sichuan emphasizes bamboo pulping and papermaking as its pillar industries. (2) In the aspects of labor force and industry resources，Zhejiang prefers attracting high-skilled labor，having obtained significant added value，and its industry agglomeration effect is pronounced. In contrast，Sichuan，though its labor costs are lower，leans heavily on low-skilled labor force. (3) At the policy level，Zhejiang prioritizes technological innovation，in-depth product processing，and environmental sustainability. Sichuan，however，leans more on resources utilization and the development of the papermaking sector，with a higher tolerance of pollution-intensive industries. 【Conclusion】 In light of the above results，it’s imperative to innovate developmental models with an emphasis on processing. Furthermore，there’s a need to bolster the growth of small and micro-enterprises，advocating green technological advancements，and finally needing to intensify collaboration with research institutions to address environmental issues.
A Preliminary Study on the Planning Model of Tourism of Characteristic Bamboo Culture in Southern Sichuan
CHEN Huan, ZHOU Neng-shou, GUI Ren-yi, REN Jing-jun
2024, 43(1): 64-72. doi: 10.12390/jbr2023025
Abstract(31) PDF(8)
Abstract:
【Objective】 By exploring the planning model of bamboo culture tourism with local characteristics，to showcase the highlights and characteristics of bamboo culture tourism planning，and then provide reference and guidance for developing local tourism industry. 【Method】 By taking the Bowang Mountain Bamboo Forest Scenic Line Planning as an example，with “bamboo” as the theme，the paper is to explore the cultural characteristics centering around “Bo & Bamboo” and form a distinctive bamboo culture tourism planning model. 【Result】 Proposed a condensed model of local characteristic cultural themes，an excavation model of local characteristic culture，a combination model of local characteristic culture and thematic culture，a construction model of cultural nodes and cultural system，and a presentation model of cultural nodes and cultural systems. 【Conclusion】 A planning model that takes culture as the soul，industry prosperity as the goal，and attach importance to integrating bamboo culture and local characteristic culture. Should be established in the tourism of characteristic bamboo culture in southern Sichuan.
Advances of DNA Barcoding Study in Bambusoideae (Poaceae)
WANG Dai-bo, ZHANG Yu-xiao
2024, 43(1): 73-80. doi: 10.12390/jbr2023047
Abstract(50) PDF(19)
Abstract:
The classification of plants is traditionally based on morphological characteristics，especially those sexual reproductive ones. Because of the long flowering cycle of most bamboos，it is difficult to collect the sexual reproductive organs (e.g.，inflorescence)，while other morphological characteristics are variable and susceptible to the environment. Therefore，the classification and identification of bamboos have always been intractable. DNA barcoding is a technique that exploits molecular fragments to assist identification in different taxonomic units，which has been applied in many plants. In this paper，we reviewed the application of DNA barcoding in the bamboo plants，and discussed the problems of DNA barcoding in the classification of bamboos，as well as the prospects for the application of this technology in the classification and identification of bamboo plants in the future.
Research Progress on the Effects of Different Habitats on the Growth and Active Ingredients of Polygonatum cyrtonema Under the Forest
WEN Zuo-rong, ZHANG Xu, NING Yi-lin, WANG Zi-jie, DU Xu-hua, WANG An-ke, CAI Han-jiang, BI Yu-fang
2024, 43(1): 81-87. doi: 10.12390/jbr2023067
Abstract(31) PDF(7)
Abstract:
【Objective】 For years，the resources of wild Polygonatum cyrtonema have significantly decreased and been unable to meet the normal market demand due to excessive excavation. This paper systematically reviewed the exploration achievements of the compound management model of interplanting P. cyrtonema under the forest，in order to provide theoretical references and practical guidance for cultivating P. cyrtonema under the forest. 【Method】 Through literature collection and research，it primarily summarized the effects of different soil sources，stand types，and key enviromental factors on the growth and medicinal properties of P. cyrtonema，and discussed the prospects. 【Result】 There are differences in growth status and accumulation of medicinal components of P. cyrtonema from different areas. At present，based on Phyllostachys edulis forests，Cunninghamia lanceolata forests，Castanea henryi forests and Carya cathayensis forests，there have been many researches on the technical model of compound management by interplanting P. cyrtonema，and each has its own advantages. In actual production，measures should be taken in accordance with local conditions and reasonable regulation should be carried out in combination with major environmental factors such as altitude and topography. 【Conclusion】 It’s necessary to adjust measures to local conditions and adjust the habitat conditions reasonably in interplanting P. cyrtonema under the forest，which is more beneficial to its growth，accumulation of medicinal components，and the quality is expected to be better.
Research Advances on Post-harvest Physiology and Preservation of Bamboo Shoots
LU Yun-feng, WANG Hao, LU Zhi-ming, WANG Jian-jun, CHEN Gang, SHEN Bo, YU Ru-kun, ZHANG Bo
2024, 43(1): 88-92. doi: 10.12390/jbr2023022
Abstract(120) PDF(35)
Abstract:
As a specialty forest food with rich fiber，protein but little fat，bamboo shoots well meet the healthy dietary requirements of modern consumers. However，the harvesting season of bamboo shoots is short，during which there are a large number of bamboo shoots supplied in the market. In addition，the post-harvest metabolism of bamboo shoots is vigorous，bringing much trouble in fresh bamboo shoots storage，which has greatly affected the nutritional and commercial values of bamboo shoots. In order to further reduce the post-harvest loss of bamboo shoots and improve their utilization efficiency，this paper described the post-harvest physiological changes of bamboo shoots and the current status of researches on the storage and preservation technology，and proposed prospects for future research directions，aiming to provide new ideas for the study on the storage and preservation technology of bamboo shoots.

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