Abstract: Bamboo culture，one of the traditional Chinese cultures，covers many aspects such as landscape gardening，architectural dwellings，poetry，painting and calligraphy，and utensil manufacturing etc.，and is closely related to the lives of the working people in China. Based on the comprehensive integration of historical documents and archaeological reports，this study investigates the origin and historical generation of bamboo culture from the perspectives of bamboo resources，architecture and landscape gardening，bamboo artifacts，and chanting bamboo literature. It is believed that bamboo culture has materiality and spirituality. Before the Qin and Han dynasties，it was at its budding stage，and it was not until the Han dynasties that it began to be highly praised by Confucianism and Taoism，being gradually integrated into production practice and social life，its connotation had been continuously enriched and improved which had laid the foundation for the fanatical pursuit from future generations of literati and writers. From “natural bamboo” to “humanistic bamboo”，the generation of bamboo culture has profound impacts on the development of the Chinese civilization，which，to some extent，determines the pursuit orientation and value selection benchmark of national culture. Meanwhile，it provides iconic，regional，and national symbols for the foundation construction of the traditional Chinese culture，and also has important enlightenment for the local cultural belief system and cultural inheritance of the nation.