神农架国家公园竹类植物自然分布特点研究

王薇; 钟金梅; 杨曼; 黄旬; 姚辉; 赵玉城; 周捷; 王韬; 刘绪霞; 杨敬元; 李兆华; 王玲

doi:10.12390/jbr2022069

神农架国家公园竹类植物自然分布特点研究

doi: 10.12390/jbr2022069

王薇¹,
钟金梅¹,
杨曼¹,
黄旬¹,
姚辉²,
赵玉城²,
周捷²,
王韬²,
刘绪霞²,
杨敬元²,
李兆华¹,
王玲^1, ,

1. 湖北大学资源环境学院, 湖北武汉 430062;
2. 神农架国家公园管理局, 湖北神农架林区 442400;
3. 神农架金丝猴保育生物学湖北省重点实验室, 湖北神农架林区 442400

基金项目:

神农架金丝猴保育生物学湖北省重点实验室开放课题

详细信息

作者简介:
王薇,硕士研究生,从事恢复生态学研究。E-mail:wangweiera@163.com。

通讯作者:
王玲,副教授,博士,从事植物多样性、植物-土壤-微生物互作关系、温室气体排放等研究。E-mail:wangling87@hubu.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-19

Characteristics of Natural Bamboo Distribution in Shennongjia National Park

1. Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China;
2. Shennongjia National Park Administration, Shennongjia 442400, Hubei, China;
3. Key Lab of Conservation Biology for Shennongjia Golden Monkey, Shennongjia Forest District, Shennongjia 442400, Hubei, China

摘要

摘要: 笔者以神农架国家公园竹类植物为研究对象，通过野外实地调查，在竹类植物分布较为集中的区域设置42个植物样方，系统调查分类后发现调查区域共有竹类3属8种，其中箭竹属中的华西箭竹为新发现种。通过统计分析研究发现，不同海拔梯度上竹类植物生长特性有明显差异，主要体现在样方内竹类植物株数和竹子盖度与海拔呈显著正相关(P＜0.05)，而竹子平均株高、平均直径与海拔呈显著负相关(P＜0.05)，而且不同竹类的垂直分布随海拔的升高呈现一定的差异性，表明高海拔区域的环境条件有使竹类植物矮化弱化和聚集成丛的生长趋势。不同竹类之间的生长环境以及生长特性也有差异，具体表现为：(1)箭竹属多以纯灌木林的形式存在或位于混交林的灌木层，其中神农箭竹在单位样方内的株数最多，平均为73株·m^-2；(2)刚竹属多以人工纯乔木林的形式存在或位于人工混交林的乔木层，林下主要植被类型为草本植物，分布于阳坡和半阴坡；(3)箬竹属均位于混交林的灌木层或矮灌木层，林下不完全遮阴处生长茂盛，竹子细而矮小。对神农架国家公园竹类植物种类、生长特性及其分布特征的掌握，可为神农架国家公园竹类植物多样性保护及开发利用提供重要的理论基础和科学依据。
- 神农架国家公园 /
- 竹类 /
- 植物种类 /
- 植物分布 /
- 生长差异
Abstract: Bamboo plants in Shennongjia National Park were investigated by on-site survey in 42 quadrats in bamboo distribution areas.Through systematic surveys and classifications,three genera and eight species of bamboo were found in the survey areas,among which the Fargesia nitida was a newly discovered species in the genus Fargesia.Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences in the growth characteristics of bamboo plants at different altitudinal gradients.The number of bamboo plants and bamboo cover in the quadrat were positively correlated with altitude (P<0.05),the average height and average diameter of bamboo were negatively correlated with altitude (P<0.05),and the vertical distribution of different bamboo species varied with the increase of altitude.These results indicate that bamboo plants in high-altitude regions have a tendency of dwarfing,weakening and clustering.The growth environment and growth characteristics of different bamboo species were also different,as shown by the facts that (1) the genus Fargesia mostly existed in the form of pure shrub forests or in the shrub layer of mixed forests,and the plant number of Fargesia murielae per quadrat was the highest with an average of 73 plants·m^-2;(2) the genus Phyllostachy was distributed on the sunny slope and semi shady slope,and mostly existed in the form of artificial pure arbor forests or in the arbor layer of artificial mixed forests,under which was mainly herbaceous vegetation;and (3) the genus Indocalamus was located in the shrub layer or low shrub layer of mixed forests,growing luxuriantly in the incomplete shade under the forest,and the bamboo was thin and short.The understanding of bamboo species,growth characteristics and their distribution features in Shennongjia National Park can provide an important scientific basis for the conservation of bamboo biodiversity and utilization of bamboo resources in the region.
- Shennongjia National Park /
- Bamboo /
- Plant species /
- Plant distribution /
- Growth difference

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